When it happens, the patient does not breath normally while he/she sleeps. Sleep anea is caused because the muscle tone of the body ordinarily relaxes during sleep and at the level of the throat the human airway is composed of collapsible walls of soft tissue which can obstruct breathing during sleep. The breathing becomes noisy and the patient snores.
Normal sleep, that relaxes us and prepares us for the next day involves regular breathing. Sleep apnea is characterized by at least 10’’ pauses in breathing during sleep. Some apnea episodes may last for 30’’. Never-the-less there are apneic episodes that are not characterized as disorders. Clinically significant levels of sleep apnea are defined as five or more episodes per hour of any type of apnea (sleep apnea syndrome). Sleep apnea concerns the 4%-6% of population, most regularly men, the 80% being overweight.
Sleep apnea syndrome can cause strokes or cardiovascular disease. It can have very serious consequences to patients who are professional drivers, since common symptoms include restless sleep and sleepiness during the day time. It is diagnosed in specialized laboratories with an overnight sleep test called a polysomnogram .
Most of the sleep apnea patients are relieved or totally treated by the daily use of a Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) device, alwasy under the supervision of the curing doctor. The CPAP splints the patient's airway open during sleep by means of a flow of pressurized air into the throat. In this way there are no more apnea episodes, the percentage of oxygen in the blood is normal. The patient sleeps normally and there no further issues.
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